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56/B-NUWSP/Mei/2024

Air merupakan kebutuhan penting dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari bagi setiap individu. Sebut saja, untuk minum, mandi, memasak, membersihkan peralatan, dan sebagainya. Untuk diminum, air bersih saja tidak cukup. Air juga harus memenuhi standar khusus, seperti tidak berbau, tidak berasa, tidak berwarna, tidak mengandung bakteri patogen, sesuai SNI 01-3553-2006 dan Permenkes RI no. 907/Menkes/SK/VII/2022. (Nazava, 2023)

^{Gambar 1. Ilustrasi air keran (tap water)}

Di sisi lain, Indonesia bersiap diri dengan layanan air keran aman siap minum. Sayangnya, hasil Studi Kualitas Air Minum Rumah Tangga (SKAMRT) Tahun 2020 menyatakan bahwa akses kualitas air minum aman baru sebesar 11,9%. Sementara, 40,8% masyarakat menggunakan sarana air minum yang bersumber dari air tanah (selain sarana air minum perpipaan dan depot air minum). Selain itu sebanyak 14,8% rumah tangga di Indonesia menggunakan sumur gali untuk keperluan minum dengan tingkat risiko cemaran tinggi dan amat tinggi. (Kemenkes RI, 2022).

Berdasarkan data Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2022, kualitas sanitasi dan air minum Indonesia hanya mengumpulkan skor 28,2 dan berada di urutan 164 dari total 180 negara. Sementara itu, negara-negara ASEAN lainnya, seperti Singapura berada di urutan 44 dengan skor 50,9, Brunei Darussalam di urutan 71 dengan skor 45,6, Thailand di urutan 108 dengan skor 38,1, dan Malaysia di urutan 130 dengan skor 35 (EPI, 2022). 

Menurut Deputi Bidang Kebijakan Pembangunan Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Mego Pinandito, dilihat dari kondisi geografisnya, sejumlah daerah di Indonesia memang memiliki sumber air dengan kuantitas dan kualitas yang baik, seperti sumber air yang berasal dari kebanyakan daerah perdesaan. Sedangkan daerah perkotaan, akses sanitasi dan air minum layaknya, dinilai tidak bagus. (Katadata, 2024).

Begitu pula dengan akses layanan air minum. Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) menunjukkan, belum semua masyarakat bisa mengakses pelayanan dasar untuk kebutuhan air minum sehari-hari. BPS mengkategorikan pelayanan dasar menjadi tiga bagian, yakni layanan air minum, sanitasi dasar, dan fasilitas penyehatan dasar. Di antara ketiga kategori itu, akses pada layanan air minum yang paling sedikit didapatkan masyarakat, yakni di bawah 50%. Pada 2018, proporsinya hanya 42,22%, pada 2021 menjadi 43,81%, sedangkan pada 2022 proporsinya menjadi 44,94%. (Databoks, 2024; BPS, 2022).

^{Grafik: Proporsi Rumah Tangga di Indonesia dengan Akses terhadap Pelayanan Dasar periode 2018-2022 (Databoks, 2024)}

Namun demikian, sejumlah daerah di Indonesia ternyata berhasil menyediakan layanan air keran siap minum. 

Sebut saja, Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi DI Yogyakarta, yang bulan lalu baru saja memperkenalkan sistem baru yang dinamakan Kran Air Siap Minum (KASM). Mengutip berita website PDAM Kabupaten Sleman per 5 April 2024, air yang keluar dari KASM merupakan air bersih, sehat, dan siap konsumsi, karena sudah melalui proses sterilisasi dan remineralisasi, bahkan sudah lulus uji laboratorium, sehingga air aman untuk langsung dikonsumsi. (PDAM Sleman, 2024).

^{Gambar 2. Peresmian fasilitas KASM di Masjid Agung Kauman (Perumda Air Minum Kebumen, 2023)}

Di lokasi lain, Kabupaten Kebumen, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, telah tersedia pula KASM di beberapa titik strategis, seperti halaman Masjid Agung Kauman dan area Pasar Tumenggungan. Keran air siap minum yang dipasang memiliki standar kualitas air minum dan dapat langsung diminum, sudah lolos uji kualitas laboratorium pemerintah yang terakreditasi penuh, sehingga dipastikan higienis dan memiliki kualitas yang baik, jadi masyarakat Kebumen bisa langsung meminum air dari KASM. (Perumda Air Minum Kebumen, 2023).

Di mana lagi ada fasilitas air aman siap minum di Indonesia?

^{Gambar 3. Fasilitas Air Keran (Tap Water) di Bandara Soekarno-Hatta Terminal 2 (Angkasa Pura, 2024)}

Antara lain, di Tangerang, tepatnya di Terminal 1, Terminal 2, dan Terminal 3 Ultimate Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Di Jakarta cukup banyak, antara lain, Masjid Baiturrohman dan Kantor Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa di Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, serta di Kantor Wali Kota Jakarta Utara. Untuk wilayah Bogor, di Kantor PDAM Bogor, Kantor Pemda Bogor, Kompleks Perumahan Pakuan Bogor, Kebun Raya Bogor, dan Taman Sempur. Sedangkan daerah Jawa Barat ada di Taman Sri Baduga, Situ Buleud di Purwakarta, serta Taman Balai Kota Jalan Wastukancana, Bandung. (Bobo, 2017)

Sementara itu di Semarang, fasilitas air keran siap minum berstandar tinggi sudah tersedia di  Taman Pandanaran, kompleks Taman Indonesia Kaya, Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima. (Kompas, 2019).

Di Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur, juga menyediakan 30 titik KASM (2018) di fasilitas publik, seperti taman, perkantoran, rusun, terminal, sekolah, hingga tempat ibadah. Salah satu instalasi KASM berada di Taman Bungkul, Taman Mundu, Air diolah secara khusus melalui penjernihan yang maksimal melalui proses membran filter dan ultra violet. (Tribunnews, 2019).

Tidak hanya itu, Kota Malang berhasil menyediakan air minum aman berskala kota. Dalam hal ini luas cakupan Zona Air Minum prima (ZAMP) di Kota Malang berada di 160 titik kran air yang tersebar di ruang publik. Menurut Dirjen Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (P2P) Kementerian Kesehatan Maxi Rein Rondonuwu, pembangunan ZAMP ini menjadikan Kota Malang tidak kalah dengan kota-kota di Eropa yang mampu menghadirkan akses air gratis bagi masyarakatnya di ruang publik. (Pemerintah Kota Malang, 2023).

Dengan begitu, Pemerintah Indonesia memang terus berupaya keras memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat, salah satunya penyediaan air minum, hingga 100% pada 2030. Apalagi mengingat bahwa penyediaan air minum aman merupakan salah satu perwujudan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), khususnya Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. Semoga ke depannya semakin banyak terbangun fasilitas air minum aman agar dapat diakses dengan mudah oleh masyarakat, serta lebih lanjut meningkatkan kesehatan serta kesejahteraan seluruh masyarakat Indonesia.
 
Referensi:

1. 1. Nazava (2023): Standar Air Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://www.nazava.com/blog/standar-air-berdasarkan-peraturan-pemerintah/ 
2. 2. Sehat Negeriku Kemkes RI (2022): Pemerintah Targetkan 2020-2024 Masyarakat Indonesia Akses Air Minum Layak 100%, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20220322/5939554/pemerintah-targetkan-2020-2024-masyarakat-indonesia-akses-air-minum-layak-100/ 
3. 3. EPI (2022): 2022 EPI Results, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/component/epi 
4. 4. Katadata (2024): BRIN Ungkap Penyebab Sanitasi Air Minum RI Terendah Ketiga di ASEAN, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://katadata.co.id/ekonomi-hijau/ekonomi-sirkular/65f17fd9cd6f0/brin-ungkap-penyebab-sanitasi-air-minum-ri-terendah-ketiga-di-asean 
5. 5. Databoks (2024): Banyak Rumah Tangga Indonesia yang Belum Bisa Akses Pelayanan Dasar, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/01/15/banyak-rumah-tangga-indonesia-yang-belum-bisa-akses-pelayanan-dasar
6. 6. BPS (2022): Proporsi rumah tangga dengan akses terhadap pelayanan dasar menurut provinsi (Persen), 2021-2022, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjAxNiMy/proporsi-rumah-tangga-dengan-akses-terhadap-pelayanan-dasar-menurut-provinsi.html
7. 7. PDAM Sleman (2024): Kran Air Siap Minum PDAM Tirta Sembada Sleman, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://pdamsleman.co.id/berita/kran-air-siap-minum-pdam-tirta-sembada-sleman 
8. 8. Perumda Air Minum Kebumen (2023): Kran Air Siap Minum PDAM Tirta Bumi Sentosa Kebumen, Kini Tersedia di Masjid Agung Kauman, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://perumdaairminum-kebumen.com/kran-air-siap-minum-pdam-tirta-bumi-sentosa-kebumen-kini-tersedia-di-masjid-agung-kauman/
9. 9. Bobo ID (2017): Air Keran Siap Minum Juga Ada di Indonesia, Lo!, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://bobo.grid.id/read/08678207/air-keran-siap-minum-juga-ada-di-indonesia-lo
10. 10.    Kompas (2019): Keran Air Siap Minum Kini Tersedia di Taman-taman Kota di Semarang, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/02/20/10172961/keran-air-siap-minum-kini-tersedia-di-taman-taman-kota-di-semarang
11. 11. Tribunnews (2019):  Keran Air Siap Minum bagi Pengunjung Taman di Surabaya, Ajak Masyarakat Lebih Peduli Lingkungan, diperoleh melalui internet: https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2019/07/30/keran-air-siap-minum-bagi-pengunjung-taman-di-surabaya-ajak-masyarakat-lebih-peduli-lingkungan
12. 12. Pemerintah Kota Malang (2023): Peringati Hari Air Sedunia, Kota Malang Perluas Cakupan ZAMP, diperoleh melalui internet: https://malangkota.go.id/2023/03/19/peringati-hari-air-sedunia-kota-malang-perluas-cakupan-zamp/

Kredit Foto:

1. 1. Detik Properti (2023), diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://www.detik.com/properti/tips-dan-panduan/d-7099816/hati-hati-air-sumur-tercemar-tinja-ini-ciri-ciri-yang-aman-dikonsumsi
2. 2. Perumda Air Minum Kebumen (2023), diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://perumdaairminum-kebumen.com/kran-air-siap-minum-pdam-tirta-bumi-sentosa-kebumen-kini-tersedia-di-masjid-agung-kauman/
3. 3. Angkasa Pura II (2024): Fasilitas Bandara, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://soekarnohatta-airport.co.id/jelajahi_map/3?keyword=&terminal_id=0&subCategoryId=83

Ditulis oleh:

Nina Firstavina, S.E.

#nuwsp #ditairminum #ciptakarya #airminum

#EPI #kinerja #bumdam #bumdairminum #aksesairminum #airbersih #aksesairbersih #airamansiapminum 

How Ready is Indonesia to Provide Safe-to-drink Tap Water?

Water is an important matter in carrying out daily activities for every individual. Be it for drinking, bathing, cooking, cleaning equipment, and so on. For drinking, clean water is not enough. Water must also meet certain standards, such as odorless, tasteless, colorless, and not containing pathogenic bacteria, in accordance with SNI 01-3553-2006 and Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation no. 907/Menkes/SK/VII/2022. (Nazava, 2023)

^{Figure 1. Tap water illustration}

On the other hand, Indonesia is preparing itself with safe, ready-to-drink tap water services. Alas, the results of the 2020 Household Drinking Water Quality Study (SKAMRT) stated that access to safe drinking water quality was only 11.9%. Meanwhile, 40.8% of people use drinking water facilities sourced from groundwater (apart from piped drinking water facilities and drinking water depots). Moreover, 14.8% of households in Indonesia use dug wells for drinking purposes, with a very high risk of contamination. (Ministry of Health, 2022).

Based on data of Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2022, sanitation and drinking water quality in Indonesia only achieved EPI score of 28,2, and sit at rank 164 out of 180 countries. Meanwhile, other ASEAN countries, such as Singapore "reigned" at rank 44 with EPI score of 50.9, Brunei Darussalam at rank 71 with EPI score of 45.6, Thailand at rank 108 with EPI score of 38.1, and Malaysia at rank 130 with EPI score of 35 (EPI, 2022). 

According to Deputy for Development Policy at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Mego Pinandito, considering the geographical conditions, a number of regions in Indonesia do have water sources which good quantity and quality, such as water sources originating from most rural areas. Meanwhile, in urban areas, access to sanitation and drinking water considered inadequate. (Katadata, 2024).

So does access to drinking water services. Data from Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows not all people able to access the basic services of their daily drinking water needs. BPS categorizes the basic services into three parts: drinking water services, basic sanitation, and basic health facilities. Among these categories, the community has the least access to drinking water services, that is below 50%. In 2018, its proportion was only 42.22%, in 2021 became 43.81%, while in 2022 the proportion was 44.94%. (Databoks, 2024; BPS, 2022).

^{Chart: Indonesian Household Proportion with basic services access in 2018-2022 (Databoks, 2024)}

Even so, many regions in Indonesia have succeeded in providing ready-to-drink tap water services.

For example, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, which just introduced a new system called Ready-to-Drink Water Faucets (KASM). Quoting news from the PDAM Sleman Regency website per April 5, 2024, the water from KASM is clean, healthy, and ready for consumption, because it has gone through a sterilization and remineralization process, and has even passed laboratory tests, so the water is safe for direct consumption. (PDAM Sleman, 2024)

^{Figure 2. The launching of KASM facilities at Kauman Grand Mosque (Perumda Air Minum Kebumen, 2023)}

In another location, Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province, KASM also available at several strategic points, such as the courtyard of the Kauman Great Mosque and the Tumenggungan Market area. The ready-to-drink water tap installed there has high quality standards drinking water and can be drunk directly, it has passed the quality test of a fully accredited government laboratory, so it is guaranteed to be hygienic and of good quality, so the people of Kebumen can drink water directly from KASM. (Perumda Kebumen Drinking Water, 2023).

Where else are there safe, ready-to-drink water facilities in Indonesia?

^{Figure 3. Tap Water facility at Terminal 2 Soekarno-Hatta Airport (Angkasa Pura, 2024)}

The same tap water services also can be seen in Tangerang, specifically at Terminal 1, Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 Ultimate of Soekarno-Hatta Airport. In Jakarta there are quite a lot spots, including the Baiturrohman Mosque and the Pondok Kelapa Office in Duren Sawit, East Jakarta, as well as the North Jakarta Mayor's Office. For Bogor area, they can be found at the Bogor PDAM Office, Bogor Regional Government Office, Bogor Pakuan Housing Complex, Bogor Botanical Gardens and Sempur Park. In West Java area, they can be found in Sri Baduga Park, Situ Buleud in Purwakarta, and City Hall Park on Jalan Wastukancana, Bandung. (Bobo, 2017)

Meanwhile in Semarang, high standard ready-to-drink tap water facilities are available at Pandanaran Park, Taman Indonesia Kaya complex, Simpang Lima Pancasila Square. (Kompas, 2019).

In Surabaya, East Java, around 30 KASM spots (2018) are also provided in public facilities, such as parks, offices, flat houses, terminals, schools and places of worship. One of the KASM installations can be found in Taman Bungkul, Taman Mundu. The water is specially treated through maximum purification through membrane filter and ultra violet processes. (Tribunnews, 2019).

Not only that, Malang has succeeded in providing safe drinking water on a city scale. In this case, the coverage area of ​​the Prime Drinking Water Zone (ZAMP) in Malang is at 160 tap water spots spread across public spaces. According to the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control (P2P) of the Ministry of Health Maxi Rein Rondonuwu, the construction of ZAMP makes Malang City similar to European cities, which are able to provide free access to water for its people in public places. (Malang City Government, 2023).

Therefore, Indonesian Government continues to strive hard to meet people's basic needs, one of them is the provision of drinking water, expected to be 100% by 2030. Especially considering that the provision of safe drinking water is one of the embodiments of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. Hopefully in the future more and more safe drinking water facilities will be built so that they can be easily accessed by the public, and further, to improve the health and welfare of all Indonesians.

References:

1. 1. Nazava (2023): Standar Air Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://www.nazava.com/blog/standar-air-berdasarkan-peraturan-pemerintah/ 
2. 2. Sehat Negeriku Kemkes RI (2022): Pemerintah Targetkan 2020-2024 Masyarakat Indonesia Akses Air Minum Layak 100%, obtained through the internet site: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20220322/5939554/pemerintah-targetkan-2020-2024-masyarakat-indonesia-akses-air-minum-layak-100/ 
3. 3. EPI (2022): 2022 EPI Results, obtained through the internet site: https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/component/epi 
4. 4. Katadata (2024): BRIN Ungkap Penyebab Sanitasi Air Minum RI Terendah Ketiga di ASEAN, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://katadata.co.id/ekonomi-hijau/ekonomi-sirkular/65f17fd9cd6f0/brin-ungkap-penyebab-sanitasi-air-minum-ri-terendah-ketiga-di-asean 
5. 5. Databoks (2024): Banyak Rumah Tangga Indonesia yang Belum Bisa Akses Pelayanan Dasar, obtained through the internet site: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/01/15/banyak-rumah-tangga-indonesia-yang-belum-bisa-akses-pelayanan-dasar
6. 6. BPS (2022): Proporsi rumah tangga dengan akses terhadap pelayanan dasar menurut provinsi (Persen), 2021-2022, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjAxNiMy/proporsi-rumah-tangga-dengan-akses-terhadap-pelayanan-dasar-menurut-provinsi.html
7. 7. PDAM Sleman (2024): Kran Air Siap Minum PDAM Tirta Sembada Sleman, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://pdamsleman.co.id/berita/kran-air-siap-minum-pdam-tirta-sembada-sleman 
8. 8. Perumda Air Minum Kebumen (2023): Kran Air Siap Minum PDAM Tirta Bumi Sentosa Kebumen, Kini Tersedia di Masjid Agung Kauman, obtained through the internet site: https://perumdaairminum-kebumen.com/kran-air-siap-minum-pdam-tirta-bumi-sentosa-kebumen-kini-tersedia-di-masjid-agung-kauman/
9. 9. Bobo ID (2017): Air Keran Siap Minum Juga Ada di Indonesia, Lo!, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://bobo.grid.id/read/08678207/air-keran-siap-minum-juga-ada-di-indonesia-lo
10. 10. Kompas (2019): Keran Air Siap Minum Kini Tersedia di Taman-taman Kota di Semarang, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/02/20/10172961/keran-air-siap-minum-kini-tersedia-di-taman-taman-kota-di-semarang
11. 11. Tribunnews (2019):  Keran Air Siap Minum bagi Pengunjung Taman di Surabaya, Ajak Masyarakat Lebih Peduli Lingkungan, obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2019/07/30/keran-air-siap-minum-bagi-pengunjung-taman-di-surabaya-ajak-masyarakat-lebih-peduli-lingkungan
12. 12. Pemerintah Kota Malang (2023): Peringati Hari Air Sedunia, Kota Malang Perluas Cakupan ZAMP, obtained through the internet site: https://malangkota.go.id/2023/03/19/peringati-hari-air-sedunia-kota-malang-perluas-cakupan-zamp/

Photo Credits:

1. 1. Detik Properti (2023), obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://www.detik.com/properti/tips-dan-panduan/d-7099816/hati-hati-air-sumur-tercemar-tinja-ini-ciri-ciri-yang-aman-dikonsumsi
2. 2. Perumda Air Minum Kebumen (2023), obtained through the internet site:​​​​​​​ https://perumdaairminum-kebumen.com/kran-air-siap-minum-pdam-tirta-bumi-sentosa-kebumen-kini-tersedia-di-masjid-agung-kauman/
3. 3. Angkasa Pura II (2024): Fasilitas Bandara, obtained through the internet site: https://soekarnohatta-airport.co.id/jelajahi_map/3?keyword=&terminal_id=0&subCategoryId=83

Written and translated by:

Nina Firstavina, S.E.

#nuwsp #waterdirectorate #ciptakarya #watersupply

#EPI #performance #bumdam #bumdairminum #drinkingwater #drinkingwateraccess #cleanwater #cleanwateraccess #tapwater